APPL/A0188

APPL, also known as A0188, is an adaptor protein that regulates signal transduction in response to extracellular signals.

APPL, also known as A0188, is an adaptor protein that regulates signal transduction in response to extracellular signals. Two forms have been identified, APPL1 and APPL2, both of which are essential for cell proliferation. APPL1 is also important in the interaction between the adiponectin-signaling and insulin-signaling pathways. APPL1 may also expedite recruitment of AKT2 and phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) to the cell membrane upon mitogenic stimulation. APPL1 is widely expressed in developing zebrafish embryo with enrichment in forebrain, pronephros, and neural tube. In the human, high levels are observed in the heart, ovary, pancreas and skeletal muscle. Knock-down of APPL1 has been implicated in apoptosis, and over-expression of APPL1 caused developmental delay and induced dysmorphic phenotypes.