Caudate nucleus
The caudate nucleus is a nucleus in the basal ganglia that plays a role in learning and memory and movement.
Cell body
The cell body, also known as the soma, is the main part of a cell containing the cell nucleus and most organelles.
Cell membrane
The cell membrane is the a bilayer surrounding the cell. It is formed from lipid molecules that selectively allow molecules in and out of the cell.
Central nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and the spinal cord.
Central sulcus
The central sulcus is a fold (or fissure) in the brain that separates the frontal from parietal lobe.
Cerebellum
The cerebellum is a region in the brain that monitors and regulates motor behavior, particularly automatic movements. Some recent studies have associated the cerebellum with cognitive functions, such as learning and attention.
Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is gray matter that constitutes the surface of the brain. It is composed on neurons and their synaptic connections.
Channel
In neuroscience, a channel is a narrow pathway across a neuron's membrane through which ions can pass. Specific channels are typically specialized for specific ions.
Chimera
A chimera is an animal made up of two or more types of genetically different cells. For example, when the embryonic stem cells from a brown mouse are injected into the blastocyst of a donor mouse (white mouse) the offspring will be a combination of both types of mice and is called a chimera.
Chromosome
Chromosomes are organized strands of DNA and protein that make up the genomic code of an organism.
Cingulate gyrus
The cingulate gyrus is an important part of the limbic system that helps regulate emotions and pain. It is thought to directly drive the body’s conscious response to unpleasant experiences. In addition, it is involved in fear and the prediction (and avoidance) of negative consequences.
Classical conditioning
Classical (or Pavlovian) conditioning is a form of learning that pairs a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that evokes a reflexive response.
Cognition
Cognition is the collective term for 'higher' mental processes including attention, judgment, language, learning, memory, and thinking.
Commissure
A commissure is a bundle of fibers that connect two side of the central nervous system.
Computed axial tomography (CAT)
Computed axial tomography (CAT, formerly computed tomography (CT)) is a neuroimaging technique that uses x-ray to produce 3-D images of the brain.
Computed tomography (CT)
Computed (or computerized) tomography (CT) is a neuroimaging technique that uses x-ray to produce 3-D images of the brain. It is also known as computed axial tomography (CAT).
Conclusion
A conclusion is a summary of the results of a scientific study that confirm or refute the hypothesis.
Concordance rate
Concordance rate refers to the number or percentage of members in a study group that share a common trait, e.g. the proportion of identical twins where both twins have autism.
Contralateral
Parts of the body that are contralateral are on different sides. It is the opposite of ipsilateral.
Corpus callosum
The corpus callosum consists of a large bundle of fibers connecting the right and left hemispheres of the brain. Each hemisphere controls movement in the opposite (contralateral) side of the body and can also specialize in performing specific cognitive and perceptual functions. The corpus callosum allows information to move between hemispheres and is therefore a very important integrative structure.
Cortex
The cortex is the outermost layer of an organ. In the brain, the cerebral cortex is the a prominent cortical area.
Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is the scaffolding of the cell that defines shape and structure. The cytoskeleton facilitate cell-division, transports material through the cell.